Syllabus of the NCERT Chemistry Part 1 Textbook for Class 11
Unit I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
General Introduction: Importance and Scope of Chemistry.
Historical approach to the particulate nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, and Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms, and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and calculations based on stoichiometry.
Unit II: Structure of Atom
Discovery of electron, proton, and neutron; atomic number; isotopes; and isobars. Thomson's model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations, and the concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals—Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, and stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Significance of classification, brief history of the development of the periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, and periodic trends in properties of elements—atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, and valence. Nomenclature of
elements with atomic numbers greater than 100.
Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, bond parameters, Lewis structures, polar character of covalent bonds, covalent character of ionic bonds, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, the concept of hybridisation involving s, p, and d orbitals, the shapes of some simple molecules, and molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only). Hydrogen bond.
Unit V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, and the role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule: Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour, empirical derivation of the gas equation, Avogadro number, and the ideal gas equation. Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, and critical temperature.
Liquid State—Vapour pressure, viscosity, and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations).
Unit VI: Thermodynamics
Concepts of systems, types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, and state functions.
First law of thermodynamics—internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomisation, sublimation, phase transition, ionisation, solution, and dilution.
Introduction of entropy as a state function, the second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, and criteria for equilibrium.
Third law of thermodynamics—brief introduction.
Unit VII: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium—Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium—ionisation of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionisation, ionisation of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solutions, the Henderson equation, solubility product, and the common ion effect (with illustrative examples)
Syllabus of the NCERT Chemistry Part 2 Textbook for Class 11
Unit VIII: Redox Reactions
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation numbers, and applications of redox reactions.
Unit IX: Organic Chemistry—Some Basic Principles and Techniques
General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification, and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.
Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.
Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles; and types of organic reactions.
Unit X: Hydrocarbons
Classification of Hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes—Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions, including the free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion, and pyrolysis.
Alkenes—Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, and hydrogen halides
(Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, and mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes—Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water.
Aromatic hydrocarbons—Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: resonance, aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution—nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity
