CBSE SYLLABUS : Physics Part 1 For Class 12th
Unit I: Electrostatics,
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charges, conservation of charge, Coulomb's law (force between two-point charges), forces between multiple charges, the superposition principle, and continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem, and its applications to find the field due to an infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and a system of charges; equipotential surfaces; electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).
Unit II: Current Electricity,
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism,
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to a current-carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors—definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer—its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.
Magnetic properties of materials: para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances with examples. Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents,
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's law, self-induction, and mutual induction.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current.
AC generator, transformer.
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves,
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays), including elementary facts about their uses.
CBSE SYLLABUS : Physics Part 2 For Class 12th
Unit VI: Optics,
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, and refraction of light through a prism.
Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment, and expression for fringe width (no derivation, final expression only); coherent sources and sustained interference of light; diffraction due to a single slit; and width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter,
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations, and Einstein's photoelectric equation—particle nature of light.
Experimental study of the photoelectric effect Matter waves: wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.
Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Chapter 12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of the atom; Bohr model of the hydrogen atom; expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit; velocity and energy of the electron in the nth orbit; hydrogen line spectra (qualitative). treatment only).
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.
Unit IX: Electronic Devices,
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits
Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors—p and n type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode—IV characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode-diode as a rectifier.
