Name: NCERT Chemistry Exemplar Problems Class 12th
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NCERT Chemistry Exemplar Problems Class 12th

by Madhurima

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Type : book
Weight : 500 GM
ISBN :
Publisher : NCERT
Seller : Amit Singh
Authors : NCERT

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Q1

What is the Van’t Hoff factor and its significance in colligative properties?

A1

It is the ratio of experimental to calculated molecular mass. It accounts for particle dissociation or association, correcting abnormal molecular masses.
Q2

How does the Nernst equation determine the EMF of a cell under non-standard conditions?

A2

It relates EMF to standard electrode potential and reaction quotient: E = E° – (RT/nF) ln Q. Decreasing concentration reduces cell voltage.
Q3

Define half-life for a first-order reaction. Why is it independent of initial concentration?

A3

Time for 50% reactant completion. Given by t½ = 0.693/k. Rate depends only on remaining concentration, not initial amount.
Q4

What causes lanthanoid contraction and its consequences in d-block elements?

A4

Poor shielding by 4f electrons increases nuclear pull, decreasing ionic radii. It leads to similar properties among post-lanthanoid transition metals.
Q5

Why are coordination compounds coloured while ligands are often colourless?

A5

d-d electron transition in central metal ion absorbs visible light. Crystal field splitting energy determines wavelength and observed complementary colour.
Q6

In haloalkanes, why is the SN2 reaction mechanism favoured by primary halides?

A6

Less steric hindrance at alpha carbon allows backside attack by nucleophile. Tertiary halides favour SN1 due to stable carbocation formation.
Q7

Why is the acidic strength of phenols higher than that of aliphatic alcohols?

A7

Phenoxide ion stabilises by resonance delocalisation of negative charge into the benzene ring. Alkoxides lack this resonance effect.
Q8

What is the role of Freundlich adsorption isotherm in surface chemistry?

A8

It empirically relates adsorbed gas quantity to equilibrium pressure at constant temperature: x/m = k P^(1/n), applicable to chemisorption and physisorption.
Q9

Explain the directive influence of halogen in haloarenes during electrophilic substitution.

A9

Halogen is ortho-para directing due to resonance, but deactivating due to -I effect. It slows reaction but directs incoming groups to ortho/para positions.
Q10

Why is KMnO₄ a stronger oxidising agent in acidic medium than in basic medium?

A10

In acidic medium, MnO₄⁻ reduces to Mn²⁺ (gain of 5 electrons). In basic medium, it reduces to MnO₂ (gain of only 3 electrons), less energy release.

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Have Doubts Regarding This Product ? Ask Your Question

Q1

What is the Van’t Hoff factor and its significance in colligative properties?

A1

It is the ratio of experimental to calculated molecular mass. It accounts for particle dissociation or association, correcting abnormal molecular masses.
Q2

How does the Nernst equation determine the EMF of a cell under non-standard conditions?

A2

It relates EMF to standard electrode potential and reaction quotient: E = E° – (RT/nF) ln Q. Decreasing concentration reduces cell voltage.
Q3

Define half-life for a first-order reaction. Why is it independent of initial concentration?

A3

Time for 50% reactant completion. Given by t½ = 0.693/k. Rate depends only on remaining concentration, not initial amount.
Q4

What causes lanthanoid contraction and its consequences in d-block elements?

A4

Poor shielding by 4f electrons increases nuclear pull, decreasing ionic radii. It leads to similar properties among post-lanthanoid transition metals.
Q5

Why are coordination compounds coloured while ligands are often colourless?

A5

d-d electron transition in central metal ion absorbs visible light. Crystal field splitting energy determines wavelength and observed complementary colour.
Q6

In haloalkanes, why is the SN2 reaction mechanism favoured by primary halides?

A6

Less steric hindrance at alpha carbon allows backside attack by nucleophile. Tertiary halides favour SN1 due to stable carbocation formation.
Q7

Why is the acidic strength of phenols higher than that of aliphatic alcohols?

A7

Phenoxide ion stabilises by resonance delocalisation of negative charge into the benzene ring. Alkoxides lack this resonance effect.
Q8

What is the role of Freundlich adsorption isotherm in surface chemistry?

A8

It empirically relates adsorbed gas quantity to equilibrium pressure at constant temperature: x/m = k P^(1/n), applicable to chemisorption and physisorption.
Q9

Explain the directive influence of halogen in haloarenes during electrophilic substitution.

A9

Halogen is ortho-para directing due to resonance, but deactivating due to -I effect. It slows reaction but directs incoming groups to ortho/para positions.
Q10

Why is KMnO₄ a stronger oxidising agent in acidic medium than in basic medium?

A10

In acidic medium, MnO₄⁻ reduces to Mn²⁺ (gain of 5 electrons). In basic medium, it reduces to MnO₂ (gain of only 3 electrons), less energy release.

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