NCERT Science Textbook for Class 10
Unit I Chemical Substances—Nature and Behavior
Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations—Chemical Equation, Balanced Chemical Equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic and exothermic reactions, oxidation, and reduction
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts—Their Definitions in Terms of the Furnishing of H⁺ and OH⁻ Ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, Baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of Paris.
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals—Properties of metals and nonmetals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; basic metallurgical processes; corrosion and its prevention
Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkynes, the difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition, and substitution reaction). Ethanol and ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps, and detergents.
Unit II: World of Living
Chapter 5: Life Processes—"Living Being"." Basic concepts of nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals.
Chapter 6: Control and Coordination in Animals and Plants—Tropic Movements in Plants; Introduction of plant hormones; control and coordination in animals: Nervous system: voluntary, involuntary, and reflex action; chemical coordination: animal hormones.
Ch-7: Reproduction—Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health—need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs. HIV/AIDS. Childbearing and women’s health.
Ch-8: Heredity and Evolution—Heredity; Mendel’s Contribution—Laws for Inheritance of Traits: Sex determination: Brief introduction: (topics excluded—evolution, evolution and classification, and evolution should not be equated with progress).
Unit III: Natural Phenomenon
Chapter 9: Light—Reflection and Refraction Reflection of light by curved surfaces; images formed by spherical mirrors, center of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (derivation not required), magnification, and application of spherical mirrors.
Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World Functioning of a lens in the human eye, defects of vision, and their corrections, Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding color of the sun at sunrise and sunset)…
Unit IV: Effects of Current
Chapter 11: Electricity—Electric current, potential difference, and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors, and their applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I, and R.
Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Current—Magnetic Field, Field Lines, Field Due to a Current-Carrying Conductor, Field Due to a Current-Carrying Coil or Solenoid, Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor, Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, Direct Current, Alternating Current, Frequency of AC, Advantage of AC over DC, Domestic Electric Circuits.
Unit V: Natural Resources
Chapter 13: Our Environment—Ecosystem, Environmental Problems, Ozone Depletion, Waste Production, and Their Solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.
